Hallux Limitus / Rigidus

What is hallux rigidus?

Hallux Rigidus is a painful condition that affects the joint at the base of the big toe. A limitation in motion at the joint is characteristic of this disorder. Often it can be quite uncomfortable and even disabling. At times it can be confused with a bunion as spurs can form around the joint as a result of the degenerative arthritis.

The term “hallux limitus” defines the initial stages of the condition when the range of motion of the joint is reduced. Gradually, the joint degenerates as the cartilage inside is worn down. Once the range of motion is minimal and joint is stiff, the condition is called “hallux rigidus.”

Causes

Hallux rigidus is essentially osteoarthritis of the big toe joint. The most common causes of osteoarthritis are abnormal function of the foot and trauma to the big toe. Additionally, structural abnormalities such as an elongated bone or bunion deformity can contribute to the development of hallux rigidus.

Symptoms

• Pain and stiffness
• Bone spurs, joint swelling (especially with cold, wet weather)
• Difficulty walking and squatting
• Limping (severe cases)

Diagnosis

If the diagnosis for this condition is made early in its course, your condition will be easier to manage. If the condition is diagnosed in its later stages, non-surgical treatments will often fail.

Your foot doctor will examine your foot and correlate his findings to your personal history. X-rays are typically ordered to evaluate the joint in more detail. This will help in assessing the severity of the condition to dictate the most suitable treatment for you.